Lamnidae
Family Members
Biologists
pronounce the ae on the end of Lamnidae as a ee .
They also pronounce a ch combination in the Greek/Latin scientific
names as
a hard K.
Assigning sharks to a
family is an arbitrary decision. ( Matter of opinion) It is just a convenient way of
grouping them for study. There are 34 shark families total. Some families have
only one member, some several, some dozens.
The Lamnidae family has five very
interesting members. This is a good family to be aware of since three of its
members; the white, shortfin mako and porbeagle, are found in our New England
waters.
The white and the mako are celebrity sharks. Both are well know all
over the world. The white for its interaction with swimmers and surfers, and the shortfin
mako for its interaction with anglers and boaters. ("Interaction" is a
euphemism for: nasty and sometimes fatal encounters.")
Unique biological characteristics are the
deciding factors as to which family a shark will be assigned. Looking alike won't
necessarily get you in the same shark family. The blueshark, lemon, bull
and tiger sharks are
all members of the much larger 53 member Carcharhinidae family, and those species don't
look anything alike in color, fin structure or body shape, There is no way you could
mistake one for the other. Some others in that family look very much
alike and are hard to
tell apart, like the sandbar and dusky sharks.
There are 8 Orders of sharks. The
Order Lamniformes, has 15 shark species, placed into7 families.
Characteristics they would share in common are: Having an anal fin - 2 dorsal fins without
spines - mouth extends back behind eyes - no nictitating membrane to protect the
eyes. We are going to take a look at one of those 8 families, know as the Lamnidae
family.
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Yes this is the family that has "Jaws" as a
member. |
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All five members of this
Lamnidae family do look somewhat alike.
Especially the porbeagle and shortfin mako.
The cluster of long dagger
like teeth in the front of the lower jaw gives the mako away.
The porbeagle would not have long dagger like teeth in the lower front jaw.
There are other characteristics that you will learn about later on in the website
to make the ID easier.
photos- Capt. Tom Bell. |
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While vacationing in Alaska, Dave Power
from Maine, took this picture of a salmon shark. Dave told me the
salmon sharks would regularly jump out of the water while feeding on salmon. |
The 5 Lamnidae family members
| White:
Carcharodon carcharias In the New England area. Star of
JAWS, and now a TV star. A celebrity shark, that has now surpassed
the tiger in notoriety. An occasional visitor to our waters. Protected as of April 1997, must be
released unharmed. The only member of this family with serrated
teeth. Porbeagle: Lamna nasus
-In the New England area, possibly year round. They look somewhat like a
small white, or a chubby mako. They have a white strip or
patch on the back bottom of the dorsal fin and a secondary keel on the
tail. The teeth have protrusions at the base and the teeth are not
serrated.
Salmon shark:
Lamna ditropis - not here. It is on the West Coast and Alaska-referred to
in older literature as the Pacific Porbeagle. Lacks a white patch on the
dorsal, and has very noticeable dark spots on its white underside, and a shorter snout
than our porbeagle, Lamna nasus.
It has the same type of teeth, which have protrusions at
the base and are not serrated. Small
salmon sharks may not have the dark spots on the bottom side as do the
adults.
Shortfin Mako:
Isurus oxyrinchus - In the New England area, a great jumping game fish.
The area under the lower jaw will be white, where as the longfin mako will have a dark
area under the jaw. Very fast! Very dangerous to anglers! And
record size, in New England waters.
Longfin Mako:
Isurus paucus - not here in coastal New England, a rare species anywhere. When hooked, a jumper
like the shortfin mako. Found well offshore of our south eastern states, and in
Cuban waters. Like the tiger, Galeocerdo cuvier, the longfin may follow the
Gulf Stream northward but pass well to our south east. It has long swept back
pectorals, and the area under its lower jaw is dark. Its eyes are larger than
those of the shortfin mako. Its meat is not as tasty as the shortfin. It
appears it does not have as good a system for bringing warm blood back
to the muscles as the other members of this family. But not much research
has been done done on this rare species.
The longfin mako is now a protected species.
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Shark species have more than one type of eye; such as a
contrasting Iris, with vertical slit pupils; horizontal slit pupils, and some species have
more rounded pupils.
All Lamnidae family sharks have cold solid black eyes as shown in the photos, and
no protective membrane for the eyes. They can roll their eyes back to get
protection.
The teeth on the sides of the jaw have gaps between them, not abutting like ours, or many other
shark species.
Sharks in this family have conical shaped
snouts, and long gill slits.
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Lamnidae family: white shark + two species of makos
+ two species of Lamna. (Salmon shark L. ditropis and Porbeagle L. nasus.)
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More Characteristics of the Lamnidae
family
They are warm bodied, and able to
consistently maintain a body temperature about 10-18 deg. F above the existing water
temperature. This gives them energy to the muscles while
swimming in cool water.
Being warm bodied doesn't directly translate into being able to
withstand cold water. For example; the two species of makos avoid cold water while
the porbeagles and salmon sharks thrive in it. The
white sharks can withstand cool water.
Being warm bodied helps to make the shark more energetic in cooler
waters. This group of
sharks, as do many other species, lacks a nictitating
membrane to protect their eyes. (other shark species in our area that do
not have a nictitating membrane are the thresher, sandtiger,dogfish and basking shark .) |
The third tooth left or right of the center
of the upper jaw will be smaller than the other teeth
in that area. Take a look when a white opens its mouth on TV or the
movies. If you catch a mako or a porbeagle you will also observe this. Safely
of course. |
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The relationship of
the small second dorsal to the anal fin helps identify the different species.
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Porbeagles; 2nd dorsal directly over anal fin,
or
slightly closer to the tail. |
Makos; 2nd dorsal slightly ahead of anal
fin |
White; 2nd dorsal well ahead of anal fin. |
The three sharks below on the left are members of the Lamnidae
family.

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Top: Longfin mako Isurus
paucus. Notice the dark chin area, and the large
eye. It has long swept back pectoral fins. Middle:
Shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus. Notice the white area
under the chin, and the pointed snout.
Bottom: White, Carcharodon carcharias.
Notice the conical shaped snout and the solid black eye;
typical of this shark family.
NMFS Photo |
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Salmon sharks, Lamna ditropis
are not on the East coast or in the Atlantic Ocean.
They are on the West coast from California north thru Washington and
Oregon, and on up into Alaska and across the pacific to Russia and China .
As mentioned before, only the porbeagle, Lamna nasus, and the
salmon shark, Lamna ditropis have the secondary keel on the tail;
which is highly visible in this specimen. You can see the secondary
keel just below where the body joins the tail.
The dorsal is under the rail. It would not have a white patch
like the porbeagle.
Porbeagles and salmon sharks thrive in cool-cold water.
Photo taken by NMFS
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