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                  Capt. Tom's Guide to New England Sharks
DGtiger2.JPG (26657 bytes)  Updated March 20, 2008    - Scituate, Massachusetts
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  me at
  mailto:capt.tom@comcast.net
 
This site is primarily about the New England shark species. 
  There is also general information on Sharks   
  This site also contains recreational shark fishing information.       

                 Photos of New England sharks  would be appreciated
.

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      Recent Updates..

  March 13th, 2008  -  Answered the ID this tail question 
  The page can be reached from the bottom of the ID Sharks at Sea page or try this:
new page I have added  

Lamnidae Family Members

Biologists pronounce the ae on the end of Lamnidae as a ee .  
They also pronounce a ch combination in the Greek/Latin scientific names  as a hard K.

Assigning sharks to a family is an arbitrary decision. ( Matter of opinion)  It is just a convenient way of grouping them for study.  There are 34 shark families total.  Some families have only one member, some several, some dozens.  

The Lamnidae family has five very interesting members.   This is a good family to be aware of since three of its members;  the white, shortfin mako and porbeagle, are found in our New England waters.  

The white and the mako are celebrity sharks.  Both are well know all over the world. The white for its interaction with swimmers and surfers, and the shortfin mako for its interaction with anglers and boaters.  ("Interaction" is a euphemism for: nasty and sometimes fatal encounters.") 

Unique biological characteristics are the deciding factors as to which family a shark will be assigned.  Looking alike won't necessarily get you in the same shark family.  The blueshark, lemon, bull and tiger sharks are all members of the much larger 53 member Carcharhinidae family, and those species don't look anything alike in color, fin structure or body shape, There is no way you could mistake one for the other.  Some others in that family look very much alike and are hard to tell apart, like the sandbar and dusky sharks.  

There are 8 Orders of sharks. The  Order Lamniformes, has  15 shark species, placed into7 families.   Characteristics they would share in common are: Having an anal fin - 2 dorsal fins without spines - mouth extends back behind eyes  - no nictitating membrane to protect the eyes.  We are going to take a look at one of those 8 families, know as the Lamnidae family.

 

  Yes this is the family that has "Jaws" as a member.

bell mako hd..JPG (3288 bytes)bell porb. hd.JPG (4757 bytes) All five members of this Lamnidae family do look somewhat alike. 

Especially the porbeagle and shortfin mako.

 The cluster of long dagger like teeth in the front of the lower jaw gives the mako away.

The porbeagle would not have long dagger like teeth in the lower front jaw.   There are other characteristics that you will learn about later on in the website to make the ID easier.                  

photos- Capt. Tom Bell.

shark1.jpg (62999 bytes) While vacationing in Alaska,  Dave Power from Maine, took this picture of a salmon shark.

Dave told me the salmon sharks would regularly jump out of the water while feeding on salmon.    

 
The 5 Lamnidae family members
White: Carcharodon carchariasIn the New England area. Star of “JAWS,” and now a TV star.   A celebrity shark, that has now surpassed the tiger in notoriety.  An occasional visitor to our waters.    Protected as of April 1997, must be released unharmed. The only member of this family with serrated teeth.

Porbeagle: Lamna nasus -In the New England area, possibly year round.  They look somewhat like a small white, or a chubby mako.  They have a white strip or patch on the back bottom of the dorsal fin and a secondary keel on the tail. The teeth have protrusions at the base and the teeth are not serrated.

Salmon shark: Lamna ditropis - not here.  It is on the West Coast and Alaska-referred to in older literature as the Pacific Porbeagle.   Lacks a white patch on the dorsal, and has very noticeable dark spots on its white underside, and a shorter snout than our porbeagle, Lamna nasus.   It has  the same type of teeth, which have protrusions at the base and are not serrated.  Small salmon sharks may not have the dark spots on the bottom side as do the adults.

Shortfin Mako: Isurus oxyrinchus - In the New England area, a great jumping game fish. The area under the lower jaw will be white, where as the longfin mako will have a dark area under the jaw.  Very fast!   Very dangerous to anglers! And record size, in New England waters.

Longfin Mako: Isurus paucus - not here in coastal New England, a rare species anywhere.  When hooked, a jumper like the shortfin mako.  Found well offshore of our south eastern states, and in Cuban waters.  Like the tiger, Galeocerdo cuvier, the longfin may follow the Gulf Stream northward but pass well to our south east.   It has long swept back pectorals, and the area under its lower jaw is dark.   Its eyes are larger than those  of the   shortfin mako.  Its meat is not as tasty as the shortfin. It appears it does not have as good a system for bringing warm blood back to the muscles as the other members of this family. But not much research has been done done on this rare species. 
The longfin mako is now a protected species.

 

Shark species have more than one type of eye; such as a contrasting Iris, with vertical slit pupils; horizontal slit pupils, and some species have more rounded pupils. 
 
All Lamnidae family sharks have cold solid black eyes as shown in the photos, and no protective membrane for the eyes.  They can roll their eyes back to get protection. 

The teeth on the sides of the jaw have gaps between them, not abutting like ours, or many other shark species.

Sharks in this family have conical shaped snouts, and long gill slits.

 

dougmako.jpg (38165 bytes)
White smile.jpg (35863 bytes) porbeyepitten.JPG (13789 bytes)
Lamnidae family:  white shark + two species of makos  
+  two species of  Lamna. (Salmon shark L. ditropis and Porbeagle L. nasus.)
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Copy of Lamnidae characteristics.jpg (20024 bytes)

 
More Characteristics of the Lamnidae family
They are warm bodied, and able to consistently maintain a body temperature about 10-18 deg. F above the existing water temperature.  This gives them energy to the muscles while swimming in cool water.   
Being warm bodied doesn't directly translate into being able to withstand cold water.  For example; the two species of makos avoid cold water while the  porbeagles and salmon sharks  thrive in it.  The white sharks can withstand cool water.
Being warm bodied helps to make the shark more energetic in cooler waters.  

This group of sharks, as do many other species, lacks a nictitating membrane to protect their eyes.  (other shark species in our area that do not have a nictitating membrane are the thresher, sandtiger,dogfish and basking shark .)

 

The third tooth left or right of the center of the upper jaw will be smaller than the other teeth in that area.  Take a look when a white opens its mouth on TV or the movies.  If you catch a mako or a porbeagle you will also observe this.  Safely of course. 

  The relationship of the small second dorsal to the anal fin helps identify the different  species.

Porbeagles;  2nd dorsal directly over anal fin,  or slightly closer to the tail.                        Makos;  2nd dorsal slightly ahead of anal fin White;  2nd dorsal well ahead of anal fin
The three sharks below on the left are members of the Lamnidae family.

longfin head.TIF (488604 bytes)

Top:  Longfin mako Isurus paucus. Notice the dark chin area, and the large eye.  It has  long swept back pectoral fins.

Middle:   Shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus. Notice the white area under the chin, and the pointed snout.

Bottom:   White, Carcharodon carcharias. 
Notice the conical shaped snout and the solid black eye; typical of this shark family.  
NMFS Photo

Salmon sharks, Lamna ditropis
are not on the East coast or in the Atlantic Ocean. 

They are on the West coast from California north thru Washington and Oregon, and on up into Alaska and across the pacific to Russia and China .

As mentioned before, only the porbeagle, Lamna nasus, and the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis have the secondary keel on the tail; which is highly visible in this specimen.  You can see the secondary keel just below where the body joins the tail. 

The dorsal is under the rail.  It would not have a white patch like the porbeagle.

Porbeagles and salmon sharks thrive in cool-cold water.

Photo taken by NMFS

 

 

Return to  Home Page

Next in sequence   Profile on the shortfin mako. Isurus oxyrinchus

 

Below are links to all the pages on the website.
These links will be at the bottom of every page to help you navigate the site.
Scientific names             Explains the use of common and scientific names of sharks.
New England Sharks      
Tells what shark species come into our coastal New England  waters.
Species by month           Relationship of blue, thresher, mako and  porbeagle populations during different months.
Thresher Shark            A whole page devoted to the Thresher, Alopias vulpinus. Blue shark                   A whole page devoted to the Blue, Prionace glauca. Lamnidae shark family         Gives characteristics of this interesting shark family. 
Shortfin Mako              A whole page devoted to the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus. 
With some info on the longfin mako.
Isurus paucus.
Porbeagle                  A whole page devoted to the Porbeagle, Lamna nasus. ID sharks at sea            Suggestions on how to identify free swimming mako, blue, porbeagle and thresher sharks.,
Shark Tables               Shark length /weight tables and some IGFA records.   Books on Sharks      
         
New England Whites         Information on white sharks in New England waters.  Info on 3 fatal New England shark attacks. 
Mako or porbeagle?       How to differentiate these two  sharks.
Also has a shark Quiz
Sharky Links     
Links to other shark sites.
Mass. Bay makos   Photos, and some additional info on makos.
What is a shark ??  Explains how to identify a shark, and distinguish male and female sharks.  bbgkent72dpilogo.jpg (5036 bytes) Oak Bluffs
Monster Shark

Tournament
Information

Shark/Cod Charters Charters Charters Charters  
Out of Scituate Mass.
Fishing Massachusetts Bay

Shark fishing gear for the beginner.
What you'll need to get started.   
Chumming up sharks for viewing or catching.   How to do this most important task of attracting sharks. How to battle that trophy mako. Some tips to keep you from bungling away a trophy mako.
Jumping mako video clip at end.
Lets go sharkfishing
Gives you an idea of what to expect out there.

Capt. Bill Brown
Sharkfishing

Fishing For Porbeagles
By Captain Steve James

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